The main travel safety rules.
Before starting the route
In order to miss nothing, it is necessary to make the list of things, dividing for convenience your equipment into personal, group and special.
The personal equipment includes: clothes , beddings, washing sets and some other subjects of individual using (the mug, a bowl, the spoon, a backpack).
The group equipment includes: tents, axes, utensils for cooking food, routing materials. The special equipment (the necessity is caused by specificity of this or that route): special waistcoats, cords, mosquito nets.
Water travelling.
For categorical routs, and for the routs of the first complexity any floating means is acceptable.
It should have the common for all the vessels riding qualities:floatation,good running speed, heading stability, manoeurability, strength, good carrying capacity.
The mode of the water travelling depends on the rout, weather conditions and the type of the floating means.
For example, in rainy weather the raft or boat travelers would better wait somewhere till the rain is over.
The renewal of rain is not terrible for tourists if they have reliable capes, and the floating means are waterproof decks and aprons.
In these conditions it is necessary to move without a dinner and to choose a place for night.
You should stop earlier as searchings of dry fuel and cooking of the supper under rain will be complicated.
The head wind makes the tourists's movement difficult.
The mode of the marching day is influenced by light conditions at the bad light exposure or low position of the sun, shining directly in tourists's eyes; it is impossible to pass thresholds. .
Overcoming these obstacles should be transferred for more suitable time of day
The Transport.
The traveling begins from the moment of gathering of the group in the certain place.
Being in transport, tourists should observe rules of travel: not to rise from the places during the movement, not to open a window on the left of a course of a motor vehicle, not to throw any subjects out of windows, not to push ahead of worth, not to forget personal things.
On the track.
Tourists should move one by one
The guide leads the group, his assistant is in the end of the group.
The leader sets speed during walking.
In case of somebody's lag from participants it is necessary to stop the group and to wait the lagging behind.
Tourists should not overtake a guide and independently move along a track.
The important role of the safe tour is the speed of movement on a route.
For the correct activity of an organism of the tourist it is necessary to alternate uniform work with the rest.
So the fast rate and the insufficient rest of the participants can lead to the fatigue that causes loss of attention and results in a traumatism.
The intensity of movement and the expenses of energy are defined by the rate of movement.
Below, in the table there are 4 rates of movement: "slowed down", "normal", "rapid" and "fixed".
You can use this data to choose the appropriate rate of movement and to reach the planned purpose.
The figures, which are in the table, are pointed for a way on tracks or slopes convenient for movement, on even surface of glaciers and firnoviy fields at heights up to 4000ì and at normal weight of backpacks
Deterioration of a way, the excessive weight of a burden, movement at the big heights and as the insufficient acclimatization reduces the rate of movement.
You should move.
In a chain in the woods with an interval 3-4ì, passing by trees, it is necessary to hold branches in order not to hit the person on a track.
The first should warn with the help of his voice about dangerous places: a hole, a sticking out stub, a root, a slippery place.
Wading the river.
The most friquent kind of the crossing is the wading.
The basic condition of speeding up of the river is the choice of a place of ford.The external features of the ford: the expansion of the river on its direct area, the ripples on the surfaces of water, reaches, shallows, rifts, islands, tracks,
and the roads which are going down to the river.
The exception is the plain rivers.
When you choose a ford it is necessary to establish the absence of whirlpools, deep holes, silt, ooze, snags, flooding of trees and other subjects, which can cause serious complications
It is much more difficult to define the place of the ford on the mountain small rivers.
In this case it is necessary to start observation of the common kind of the river: to define the width of a channel, possible depth, the condition of a bottom and the current velocity.
Then you should choose the place of the approach and the conditional place of the way out at the opposite coast
When climbing the volcanoes.
It is necessary to be extremely careful.
On the slopes, covered with grass, you should ascend and especially descend slowly and carefully there are channels, holes, stones you can stumble.
When the grass is wet the risk of falling increases and arises danger of being,hurt such slopes are especially dangerous. The best distance is 2-3ì, the ascending is one by one.
You should go down with a sliding step on the snow gentle slopes, free from stones and cracks, not overtaking the guide.
The daily routine during such travel usually differs, it is shifted on an hours - two forward in comparison with the schedule of the pedestrian travel.
It is connected with the instability of weather in mountains (in the second part of the day it is frequently changing and due to some specific dangers of mountain travel).
It is recommended to wake up at 4-5 o'clock, and start a route at 6-7 o'clock.
Sometimes it is necessary to replace the big lunch halt by the one-hour's interval for meal and rest, but to stop and set up the camp forng for the night is at 14-16 o'clock.
The mode of movement during the long ascendings changes due to often stops for rest: after 30 minutes of the ascending should be 5-8 minutes of halt.
On the steep places 1-2 minute halts (not removing a backpack) are made after 10-15 minutes of the ascending.
The rate of movement in mountains depends on a concrete relief and biases: on ascends it is, as a rule, obviously slowed down, and on descents on a simple way - speeded up.
The order of movement in mountains is strictly one by one.
When moving on the steep slopes (where stones are falling down very often), taluses, a moraine it is forbidden to be "one tourists directly above others on a slope".
If the other order of movement is not possible, it is necessary to move closely to each other.
Key rules:
- to be extremely attentive;
- step over the tumbled down and rotten trees, stones on a way;
- to hold a body vertically during descents on snow, to lay emphasis on heels;
- to observe discipline, not to suppose autocratic investigations and going away from the place of the camp (for hunting, fishing, gathering of mushrooms and berries);
- during the halts andmovement through woods tourists should not throw burning matches, stubs;
- tourists should be careful with the equipment.
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